Let me now propose a slightly different triangular model with the same three poles, but now representing only organismal features that 'work well' both in the classical sense of good biomechanical design, and the technical meaning of conferring fitness upon organisms in their interaction with enviВronments-in other words, to the features that biological terminology, and ordinary vernacular usage, call 'adaptations,' but that I would rather desigВnate as 'aptations' (see Gould and Vrba, 1982), a more general term that acВknowledges their current utility while remaining agnostic about their source of origin. 342-351)-I presented triangular models of causal poles for the origin of phenotypic features: a representation well suited for portraying alternatives and complements to natural selection as the causal basis of organic form. 251-260), and my presentation of 'Galton's Polyhedron' as the most effective formalist or structuralist metaphor for illustrating missing alternatives in schemes of evolutionary causality that consider natural selection as the only mechanism of change (pp. In two historical discussion of this book's first part-my analysis of DarВwin's fateful words at the end of chapter 6 of the Origin of Species (pp. Kinsella writes of a midwestern farmer so beguiled by the legend of the great baseball hero Shoeless Joe Jackson that he constructs a stadium in his wheatfield because he heard a voice saying to him: 'if you build it, he will come.' I often feel that many modern evolutionary biologists unconsciously obey a similar mantra in their approach to the phenotypic features of organisms: 'if it works well, then natural selection made it.' In a classic line of contemporary American literature, W. SJ_Gould_The_Structure_of_evolutionnary_theory_11.doc

Gnuplot ternary diagram right traingle